Acute Rhinitis CAGR of 5.76% during the forecast period
Introduction
Acute rhinitis is a sudden inflammation of the nasal mucous membranes, commonly known as the common cold or acute coryza. It is typically caused by viral infections, though it can also result from bacterial infection, allergens, or irritants. Acute rhinitis is one of the most frequent upper respiratory tract conditions, affecting people of all ages, especially during seasonal changes.
While the condition is usually self-limiting, it can cause significant discomfort and may lead to complications such as sinusitis, otitis media, or bronchitis if left untreated.
What Is Acute Rhinitis?
Acute rhinitis refers to short-term inflammation of the nasal lining, lasting up to 7–10 days. It results in increased mucus production, nasal congestion, sneezing, and irritation.
The condition can be classified based on its cause:
Infectious Acute Rhinitis – Usually caused by viruses such as rhinoviruses, coronaviruses, or adenoviruses.
Allergic Acute Rhinitis – Triggered by allergens like pollen, dust mites, or animal dander.
Non-Allergic (Irritant) Rhinitis – Induced by smoke, perfumes, temperature changes, or strong odors.
Causes and Risk Factors
1. Viral Causes
Rhinoviruses (most common, 30–50% of cases)
Coronaviruses
Adenoviruses
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)
Influenza and parainfluenza viruses
2. Bacterial Causes
Secondary bacterial infections may occur due to:
Streptococcus pneumoniae
Haemophilus influenzae
Moraxella catarrhalis
3. Allergic and Environmental Triggers
Pollen, molds, pet dander
Cigarette smoke or air pollution
Strong chemical fumes or perfumes
Cold and dry air
Risk Factors
Weakened immune system
Seasonal changes
Exposure to infected individuals
Existing allergies or asthma
Poor air quality and indoor ventilation
Pathophysiology
When viruses or allergens enter the nasal passages, they irritate the epithelial lining of the nose. This triggers an inflammatory response characterized by:
Vasodilation (widening of blood vessels)
Increased capillary permeability
Edema of the nasal mucosa
Increased mucus secretion
This results in the typical symptoms of nasal obstruction, runny nose, and sneezing.